Choose a topic from Part 3 Suppl:
1. The right of excommunicating is lawfully exercised onlyby those who hold the greater and more general judicial power inthe Church, that is, bishops and major prelates.
2. It can happen that the major jurisdiction required forexcommunicating should exist in one who is not a bishop, or even apriest, as, for example, in a papal legate who is a layman, or in adesignated bishop-elect who has not yet been ordained to thepriesthood.
3. A person who is himself excommunicated, or one who is acleric suspended from ecclesiastical office, cannot excommunicate.Such persons, being deprived of jurisdiction by the penalty imposedon themselves, cannot exercise that jurisdiction over others.
4. Excommunication is a penalty imposed by a superior.Therefore, a person cannot excommunicate himself, his equal, or hissuperior.
5. Excommunication is never imposed on a group as such,although each member of a group may be excommunicated individuallyat the same time.
6. A person may labor under multiple excommunication, forthis penalty may be imposed as often as serious reasons demand it.The effect of a second, third, and fourth excommunication is toremovethe excommunicated person further and further from thespiritual helps which the Church gives her children in her generalprayers and good works.
"Try to turn your heart from the love of things visible and bring yourself to things invisible. For they who follow their own evil passions stain their consciences and lose the grace of God.
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Thomas á Kempis
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"Let no one wear a mask, otherwise he will do ill; and if he has one, let him burn it."
St Philip Neri
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"A tree that is cultivated and guarded through the care of its owner produces its fruit at the expected time.
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St John of the Cross, OCD - Doctor of the Church
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